Bateman and Snell (2003) state that "planning is the conscious, systematic process of making decisions about goals and activities that an individual, group, work unit, or organization will pursue in the future" (Planning and strategic management, p. 108). There are several levels in the planning process. Strategic planning involves setting long-term goals and is a function traditionally employed by top-level management. Newer models of strategic planning tend to involve all levels of management. Examples for strategic planning include profitability and productivity. Tactical planning is carried out by mid-level management and focuses on the required actions to achieve the strategic goals. At this point, the planning process is divided into smaller parts which are important to a certain department or functional area of the company. The process shifts to a short-term approach. Operational planning is carried out by frontline managers and includes routine tasks, such as human resources......

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Title: Management Planning And Ethics
Approximate Word Count: 1088
Approximate Pages: 5 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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