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The Snowball Earth
Many lines of evidence support a theory that the entire Earth was ice-covered for long periods 600-700 million years ago. Each glacial period lasted for millions of years and ended violently under extreme greenhouse conditions. These climate shocks triggered the evolution of multicellular animal life, and challenge long-held assumptions regarding the limits of global change.
by Paul F. Hoffman and Daniel P. Schrag
August 8, 1999

CONTENTS
Introduction
Frozen and fried
Sea ice at the equator
The acid test
Survival and redemption of life
Snowball episodes and Earth history
Further reading
Illustrations
Introduction
Geology tells us that the Earth's climate is subject to change on various timescales, but what are the limits to climatic variability? Over the last million years that constitute the Pleistocene epoch, the time in which humans evolved, continents bordering the North Atlantic Ocean were periodically glaciated at intervals governed...

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Title: The Snowball Earth
Approximate word count: 5720
Approximate pages: 23 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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1. Dimensional Argument Against The Snowball Earth Hypothesis
   

   Dimensional Argument Against the Snowball Earth Hypothesis. ... The Snowball Earth
   Hypothesis bases its theory on an invalid model of earth at that time. ...

2. State Of Research On &Quot;Snowball Earth Hypothesis&Quot;
   

   state of research on "Snowball Earth Hypothesis". ... ("Cold") History of "Snowball
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3. Snowball Earth
   

   SNowball Earth. The "Snowball Earth" hypothesis is an ... a lot longer. The result
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4. The Snowball Earth
   

   The Snowball Earth. The Snowball Earth Many lines of evidence support a theory that
   the entire Earth was ice-covered for long periods 600-700 million years ago. ...

5. Evolution Of Land Mammals
   

   ... when land plants and fungi first appeared on the Earth has revealed a plausible
   biological cause for two major climate events: the Snowball Earth eras, when ...