Baruch or Benedictus de Spinoza devoted much of his adult life to answering the most complex and universal questions concerning human life: questions which challenged pre-modern philosophers before, during and after the European Age of Reason. The function of religion, the true nature of God, principles of government and the eternal quest for happiness were fundamental ideas he sought to answer throughout his lifetime. Philosopher, historian and author Rebecca Goldstein introduces us to a young, Jewish adolescent whom is raised under a strict, scholarly, religious household. He would struggle early in life with his innate philosophical understandings of life and the conflicting lessons he had long been studying from the Torah. Blessed with intelligence and self-confidence, he would come to challenge traditional Jewish practices and customs in the most critical of manners. Shun from the free and open society that was Amsterdam in the sixteenth century, he would betray his heritage......

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Title: Betraying Spinoza: The Renegade Jew Who Gave Us Modernity
Approximate Word Count: 2229
Approximate Pages: 9 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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