No. 2007-9
July 24, 2007
Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World:
New Estimates for 145 Countries
Friedrich Schneider
Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Austria
Abstract:
Estimations of the shadow economies for 145 countries, including developing, transition and highly
developed OECD economies over 1999 to 2005 are presented. The average size of the shadow
economy (as a percent of "official" GDP) in 2004/05 in 96 developing countries is 36.7%, in 25
transition countries 38.8% and in 21 OECD countries 14.8%. An increased burden of taxation and
social security contributions, combined with a labour market regulation are the driving forces of the
shadow economy. Furthermore, the results show that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high
income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation
methods are discussed and critically evaluated.
JEL: O17, O5, D78, H2, H11, H26
Keywords: shadow economy of 145......

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Title: Shadow Economies And Corruption All Over The World: New Estimates For 145 Countries
Approximate Word Count: 15863
Approximate Pages: 64 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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