The Evolution of Second- and Foreign- Language Teaching
(The 19th and 20th Century and The New Era of Second Language Teaching)

In his treatment of the historical developments in language pedagogy, Stern (1992) isolates three ways in which language pedagogy has aimed to renew and improve itself:1. Innovation through change in teaching methods; 2. Innovation through language-related sciences and research;
3. Technological innovation.

During the nineteenth century, the Grammar-Translation Method with its emphasis on the transmission of structural rules and analysis of form served as the principal
method of teaching modern and classical languages in schools. The goal of studying a foreign language was to learn the language so as to be able to read its literature. Grammar was taught deductively with the student's native language being the medium of instruction. Little emphasis on speaking or listening to the language was encouraged. Instead, the "book-oriented method"......

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Title: The Evolution Of Second- And Foreign- Language Teaching
Approximate Word Count: 2587
Approximate Pages: 11 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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