Until the 19th century, children were punished and confined in the same ways as adults. Early jails housed men, women, adults, juveniles, sane and insane all together.
Houses of Refuge
In the early 1800's reformers became concerned about the overcrowded conditions in the jails and the corruption youth experienced when confined with adult felons. The first House of Refuge opened in New York in 1825, as a facility exclusively for children. By the 1840's, 53 more were built around the country.
Houses of Refuge were not limited to children who had committed crimes. They were also homes for poor children, orphans, or any child thought to be incorrigible or wayward. The average number of children in any given House was 200, but some, like the New York House of Refuge, housed over 1,000 youth at any given time.
Training or Industrial Schools
In response to overcrowding, deplorable conditions, and reports of brutality in the Houses of Refuge, training schools were developed in the......

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Title: History Of Juvenile Justice
Approximate Word Count: 3838
Approximate Pages: 16 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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