Principles of Development

Cephalocaudal (top to bottom)
- Head= ¼ length at birth
- Head- 1/8 length as an adult


 Proximodistal – midpoint to extremitites
 Most children follow similar developmental patterns
 Individual rates of growth and development
 Rates of development are not uniform among developmental domains of individual children

Physical Growth in First Two Years
 Most notable time for physical changes
 In each of the first 12 months they grow almost an inch (20 in. – 30in.)
 In 1st year birth weight usually doubles by 4 months and usually triples by 1 year ( 7 – 22lbs.)
 head-sparing— biological protection of the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects the body growth

Survival Reflexes
 Breathing – maintain oxygen supply
 Rooting, sucking, and swallowing – manage feeding
 Eyeblink
 Crying and kicking – maintain body......

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Title: Flhd Notes
Approximate Word Count: 1969
Approximate Pages: 8 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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